All of these words denote obects of smaller than normal dimensions. For example, there are many words formed with the help of the splinter mini- (apocopy produced by clipping the word «miniature»), such as «miniplane», «minijet», «minicycle», «minicar», «miniradio» and many others. Splinters are the result of clipping the end or the beginning of a word and producing a number of new words on the analogy with the primary word-group. In the second half of the twentieth century the English wordbuilding system was enriched by creating so called splinters which scientists include in the affixation stock of the Modern English wordbuilding system. s for the Plural of nouns, -ed for the Past Indefinite of regular verbs, -ing for the Present Participle, -er for the Comparative degree of adjectives. Bound grammatical morphemes are inflexions (endings), e.g. Free grammatical morphemes are function words: articles, conjunctions and prepositions ( the, with, and).īound lexical morphemes are affixes: prefixes (dis-), suffixes (-ish) and also blocked (unique) root morphemes (e.g. Free lexical morphemes are roots of words which express the lexical meaning of the word, they coincide with the stem of simple words.
H AND M SWEATER CRISS CROSS FRONT FREE
Both lexical and grammatical morphemes can be free and bound. Morphemes are divided into two large groups: lexical morphemes and grammatical (functional) morphemes. The morpheme consists of a class of variants, allomorphs, which are either phonologically or morphologically conditioned, e.g. The morpheme is the smallest meaningful language unit. It is the smallest language unit which can stand alone as a complete utterance.Ī word, however, can be divided into smaller sense units - morphemes. This unit is used in grammatical functions characteristic of it. The main unit of the lexical system of a language resulting from the association of a group of sounds with a meaning is a word. In this case it is called historical lexicology.Īnother branch of lexicology is called descriptive and studies the vocabulary at a definite stage of its development. Lexicology can study the development of the vocabulary, the origin of words and word-groups, their semantic relations and the development of their sound form and meaning. the word-group «as loose as a goose» means «clumsy» and is used in a sentence as a predicative / He is as loose as a goose/. The term «word-group» denotes a group of words which exists in the language as a ready-made unit, has the unity of meaning, the unity of syntactical function, e.g. It is the smallest unit of a language which can stand alone as a complete utterance. The term «word» denotes the main lexical unit of a language resulting from the association of a group of sounds with a meaning. The term «vocabulary» is used to denote the system of words and word-groups that the language possesses. Lexicology is the part of linguistics which deals with the vocabulary and characteristic features of words and word-groups. The term «lexicology» is of Greek origin / from «lexis» - «word» and «logos» - «science»/. Germanic borrowings /Scandinavian, German, Holland/. Romanic borrowings/ Latin, French, Italian, Syntactical classification of phraseological unitsĬlassification of borrowings according to the borrowed aspectĬlassification of borrowings according to the degree of assimilationĬlassification of borrowings according to the language from which they were borrowed. Structural classification of phraseological units Semantic classification of phraseological units The aim of the course is to teach students to be word-conscious, to be able to guess the meaning of words they come across from the meanings of morphemes, to be able to recognize the origin of this or that lexical unit. There is also a brief list of recommended literature. Lexical units for the analysis were chosen mainly among neologisms. The material for seminars includes topics to be discussed, test questions and lexical units to be analized. It includes 15 lectures and 12 seminars which cover the main themes of Modern English lexicology: wordbuilding, semantic changes, phraseology, borrowings, semasiology, neology, lexicography. This course of lexicology which forms a part of the curriculum for the English sections of linguistic departments of teacher-training colleges is intended for students of the third year of the day department.
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